Working conditions for agricultural workers vary widely. Much of the work of farmworkers and laborers on farms and ranches takes place outdoors in all kinds of weather and is physical in nature. Harvesting fruits and vegetables, for example, may require much bending, stooping, and lifting. Workers may lack adequate sanitation facilities while working in the field, and their drinking water may be limited. The year-round nature of much livestock production work means that ranch workers must be out in the heat of summer, as well as the cold of winter. While some of these workers enjoy the day-to-day variability of the work, the rural setting, working on the land, and raising animals, the work hours are generally uneven and often long, and work cannot be delayed when crops must be planted and harvested or when animals must be sheltered and fed. Weekend work is common, and farmworkers may work a 6- or 7-day week during planting and harvesting seasons. Because much of the work is seasonal in nature, many workers also obtain other jobs during slow seasons. Migrant farmworkers, who move from location to location as crops ripen, live an unsettled lifestyle, which can be stressful.
Work also is seasonal for farmworkers in nurseries; spring and summer are the busiest times of the year. Greenhouse workers enjoy relatively comfortable working conditions while tending to plants indoors. However, during the busy seasons, when landscape contractors need plants, work schedules may be more demanding, requiring weekend work. Moreover, the transition from warm weather to cold weather means that nursery workers might have to work overtime with little notice given in order to move plants indoors to protect them from a frost.
Federal meat inspectors may work in highly mechanized plants or with poultry or livestock in confined areas with extremely cold temperatures and slippery floors. The duties often require working with sharp knives, moderate lifting, and walking or standing for long periods. Many inspectors work long and often irregular hours. Inspectors may find themselves in adversarial roles when the organization or individual being inspected objects to the inspection or its potential consequences. Some inspectors travel frequently to visit farms and processing facilities. Others work at ports, inspecting cargo on the docks or on boats.
Graders and sorters may work with similar products for an entire shift, or they may be assigned a variety of items. They may be on their feet all day and may have to lift heavy objects, whereas others may sit during most of their shift and do little strenuous work. Some graders work in clean, air-conditioned environments, suitable for carrying out controlled tests. Some may work evenings or weekends because of the perishable nature of the products. Overtime may be required to meet production goals.
Animal breeders spend most of their time outdoors around animals, but can also work in offices or in laboratories. If consulting, breeders may have to travel from farm to farm. If they need to sell the offspring, breeders may have to travel to attend shows and to meet with potential buyers. While tending to the animals, breeders may be bitten or kicked.
Farmworkers in crop production risk exposure to pesticides and other hazardous chemicals sprayed on crops or plants. However, exposure is relatively minimal if safety procedures are followed. Those who work on mechanized farms must take precautions to avoid injury when working with tools and heavy equipment. Those who work directly with animals risk being bitten or kicked.
Work Styles
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Work Context
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Work Values
| Level | ||
| Responsibility | [ ? ] |  4.00 |
| Security | [ ? ] |  3.75 |
| Autonomy | [ ? ] |  3.62 |
| Independence | [ ? ] |  3.50 |
| Working Conditions-Mean Extent | [ ? ] |  3.25 |
| Activity | [ ? ] | 3.25 |
| Moral Values | [ ? ] | 3.25 |
| Company Policies and Practices | [ ? ] | 3.25 |
| Supervision, Human Relations | [ ? ] | 3.25 |
| Support-Mean Extent | [ ? ] |  3.16 |
| Independence-Mean Extent | [ ? ] | 3.16 |
| Compensation | [ ? ] |  3.12 |
| Variety | [ ? ] | 3.12 |
| Supervision, Technical | [ ? ] |  3.00 |
| Ability Utilization | [ ? ] | 3.00 |
| Co-workers | [ ? ] | 3.00 |
| Achievement-Mean Extent | [ ? ] |  2.93 |
| Achievement | [ ? ] |  2.87 |
| Social Status | [ ? ] | 2.87 |
| Relationships-Mean Extent | [ ? ] |  2.75 |
| Working Conditions | [ ? ] | 2.75 |
| Advancement | [ ? ] | 2.75 |
| Recognition-Mean Extent | [ ? ] |  2.65 |
| Recognition | [ ? ] |  2.50 |
| Authority | [ ? ] | 2.50 |
| Social Service | [ ? ] |  2.00 |
| Creativity | [ ? ] |  1.87 |